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Introduction of Yamanaka factors has been the standard method for IPS generation. However, viral delivery of these factors has the risk of genomic integration, tumorigenesis (via c-Myc and/or insertional mutagenesis) and it has low efficiency of IPS generation. mRNA delivery is both transient, more efficient and it does not have genomic integration risk. Thus, mRNA is a simple, safe method of IPS factor delivery, which is amenable to engineering for various combinations factors for different time periods.